The pure strain of the blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, has the greatest cold tolerance and dies at 45 ☏ (7 ☌), while all other species of tilapia die at a range of 52 to 62 ☏ (11 to 17 ☌). Tilapia are unable to survive in temperate climates because they require warm water. These benefits are, however, frequently outweighed by the negative aspects of tilapia as invasive species.
In Kenya, tilapia were introduced to control mosquitoes, which were causing malaria, because they consume mosquito larvae, consequently reducing the numbers of adult female mosquitoes, the vector of the disease. They have a preference for a floating aquatic plant, duckweed ( Lemna spp.), but also consume some filamentous algae. Tilapia have been used as biological controls for certain aquatic plant problems. Tilapia are also known to be mouth-brooding species, which means they carry the fertilized eggs and young fish in their mouths for several days after the yolk sac is absorbed. An extreme example is the Salton Sea, where tilapia introduced when the water was merely brackish now live in salt concentrations so high that other marine fish cannot survive. Other than their temperature sensitivity, tilapia exist in or can adapt to a very wide range of conditions. Some Nile tilapia can grow as long as 2.0 ft. Typically, tilapia have a long dorsal fin, and a lateral line that often breaks towards the end of the dorsal fin, and starts again two or three rows of scales below. Their mouths are protrusible, usually bordered with wide and often swollen lips. This means they are efficient feeders that can capture and process a wide variety of food items. morays), allowing a division of labor between the "true jaws" ( mandibles) and the " pharyngeal jaws". A complex set of muscles allows the upper and lower pharyngeal bones to be used as a second set of jaws for processing food (cf.
Like other cichlids, their lower pharyngeal bones are fused into a single tooth-bearing structure. Tilapia typically have laterally compressed, deep bodies. Scottish zoologist Andrew Smith named the genus in 1840.
The common name "tilapia"' is based on the name of the cichlid genus Tilapia, which is itself a latinization of tlhapi, the Tswana word for "fish". These species have been the target of small-scale artisanal fisheries in the area for thousands of years. While the name also applies to Zeus faber, a marine fish not found in the area, a few tilapia species ( Sarotherodon galilaeus, Oreochromis aureus, Coptodon zillii, and Tristramella) are found in the Sea of Galilee, where the author of the Gospel of Matthew recounts the event took place. Peter's fish", which comes from the story in the Gospel of Matthew about the apostle Peter catching a fish that carried a coin in its mouth, though the passage does not name the fish. In English, it is sometimes known by the name "St. Today, in Modern Hebrew, the fish species is called amnoon (probably a compound of am, "mother" and noon, "fish"). Tilapia were one of the three main types of fish caught in Talmudic times from the Sea of Galilee, specifically the Galilean comb ( Sarotherodon galilaeus). Tilapia painted on tomb walls, is reminiscent of spell 15 of the Book of the Dead by which the deceased hopes to take his place in the sun boat: "You see the tilapia in its form at the turquoise pool", and "I behold the tilapia in its nature guiding the speedy boat in its waters." It was also said to accompany and protect the sun god on his daily journey across the sky. Tilapia was a symbol of rebirth in Egyptian art, and was in addition associated with Hathor. The aquaculture of Nile tilapia goes back to Ancient Egypt, where it was represented by the hieroglyph K1, of the Gardiner list: 𓆛 The Tomb of Nakht, from 1500 BC, contains a tilapia hieroglyph just above and to the right of the head of the central tall figure.
The popularity of tilapia came about due to its low price, easy preparation, and mild taste. Tilapia is the fourth-most consumed fish in the United States dating back to 2002. Tilapia can become a problematic invasive species in new warm-water habitats such as Australia, whether deliberately or accidentally introduced, but generally not in temperate climates due to their inability to survive in cold water. Historically, they have been of major importance in artisanal fishing in Africa, and they are of increasing importance in aquaculture and aquaponics. Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish inhabiting shallow streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less commonly found living in brackish water. Tilapia ( / t ɪ ˈ l ɑː p i ə/ tih- LAH-pee-ə) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine, and tilapiine tribes (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with the economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini. Global harvest of tilapia in million tonnes as reported by the FAO, 1950–2009
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